He expanded the French colonial empire, made the French merchant navy the second largest in the world, and personally engaged in two wars. ![]() Napoleon III was a popular monarch who oversaw the modernization of the French economy and filled Paris with new boulevards and parks. He later proclaimed himself Emperor of the French and founded the Second Empire, reigning until the defeat of the French Army and his capture by Prussia and its allies at the Battle of Sedan in 1870. He seized power by force in 1851 when he could not constitutionally be reelected. Louis Napoleon was the first and only president of the French Second Republic, elected in 1848. Napoleon I was Louis Napoleon's paternal uncle, and one of his cousins was the disputed Napoleon II. He was born in Paris as the son of Louis Bonaparte, King of Holland, and his wife, Hortense de Beauharnais. ![]() ![]() Prior to his reign, Napoleon III was known as Louis Napoleon Bonaparte. Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was the first president of France from 1848 to 1852, and the last monarch of France as Emperor of the French from 1852 until he was deposed in absentia on 4 September 1870.
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